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Câu hỏi

Cho hinh l ậ p ph ươ ng ABCD . A ' B ' C ' D ' c ạ nh l á a. X é t hai đ i ể m M ∈ AD ' . N∈DB sao cho AM=DN=k(0<k<a 2 ) v à P l à trung đ i ể m c ú a B ' C ' . a. T í nh cosin c ủ a g ó c gi ữ a hai đườ ng th ẳ ng AP v à BC C ' b. Tinh th ể t í ch kh ố i t ứ di ệ n APBC - . c. Ch ừ ng minh MN lu ô n song song v ớ i m ặ t ph ẳ ng A + D ' CB khi k bi ể n thi ê n. d. T í nh k đề đ o ạ n th ằ ng MN ng ẳ n nh ấ t. e. Khi đ o ạ n MN ng ắ n nh ấ t, ch ứ ng minh r ằ ng MN l à đườ ng vu ô ng g ó c chung c ủ a AD ' v à DB v à MN song song v ớ i A ' C .

Cho hinh lp phương ABCD. A ' B ' C ' D '  cnh lá a. Xét hai đim M AD ' . N∈DB  sao cho AM=DN=k(0<k<a 2 )  và P  là trung đim cúa B ' C ' .
a. T
ính cosin ca góc gia hai đường thng AP  và BC C ' 
b. Tinh th tích khi t din APBC - .
c. Ch
ng minh MN  luôn song song vi mt phng A + D ' CB  khi k  bin thiên.
d. T
ính k  đề đon thng MN  ngn nht.
e. Khi
đon MN  ngn nht, chng minh rng MN  là đường vuông góc chung ca AD  ' và DB  và MN  song song vi A ' C .

 

R. Roboctvx97

Giáo viên

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Giải thích

Ta ch ọ n h ệ tr ụ c t ọ a độ c ó gôc l à đỉ nh A , tr ụ c Ox ch ứ a AB , tr ụ c Oy ch ứ a AD v à tr ụ c Oz ch ứ a AA ⊤AA' . Ta c ó : A ( 0 ; 0 ; 0 ) ; A ′ ( 0 ; 0 ; a ) ; B ( a ; 0 ; 0 ) B ′ ( a ; 0 ; a ) ; D ( 0 ; a ; 0 ) , D ′ ( 0 ; a ; a ) ; C ( a ; a ; 0 ) ; C ′ ( a ; a ; a ) . G ọ i α l ả g ó c gi ữ a hai đườ ng th ẳ ng AP v à BC ' ta c ó : b,Ta có Vậy c. M ặ t ph ẳ ng (A'D'CB) song song v ớ i tr ụ c Oy n ê n c ó ph ươ ng tr ì nh: . V ì m ặ t ph ẳ ng n à y di qua A ' ,B,C n ề n ta x á c đị nh đượ c p=q v à n=-pa , Cho p=1 ta đượ c ph ươ ng tr ì nh m ặ t ph ẳ ng A ' D ' CB l à x+z-a=0 ⇒ vecto ph á p tuy ể n c ủ a m ạ̃ t ph ẳ ng n à y l à : n =(1;0;1) R õ r à ng N∉mp A ' D ' CB .Suy ra MN song song v ớ i mp A ' D ' CB . d. Theo gi ả thiêt M∈ AD ' ;N∈DB;AM=DN=k MN 2 nh ỏ nhâtt b ẳ ng 3 a 2 ​ khi k = 3 a 2 ​ ​ V ậ y MN nh ỏ nhât băng 3 ​ a ​ khi k = 3 a 2 ​ ​ e. Khi MN ngăn nhât thi . Ta l ạ i c ó ⇒MN l à đườ ng vuông g ó c chung c ủ a AD ' v à DB . M ặ t kh á c , ch ứ ng t ỏ c ù ng ph ư ong.

Ta chn h trc ta độ có gôc là đỉnh A, trc Ox cha AB, trc Oy cha AD và trc Oz cha AA⊤AA'. Ta có: .

straight P open parentheses straight a semicolon straight a over 2 semicolon straight a close parentheses rightwards double arrow AP with minus on top equals open parentheses straight a semicolon straight a over 2 semicolon straight a close parentheses rightwards double arrow BC with minus on top to the power of straight apostrophe equals left parenthesis 0 semicolon straight a semicolon straight a right parenthesis.

Gi α l góc gia hai đường thng AP và BC ' ta có:

Cos invisible function application alpha equals fraction numerator open vertical bar 0 plus a squared over 2 plus a squared close vertical bar over denominator square root of a squared plus a squared over 4 plus a squared end root times square root of a squared plus a squared end root end fraction equals fraction numerator 1 over denominator square root of 2 end fraction rightwards double arrow alpha equals 45 to the power of 0.

b,Ta có AP with minus on top equals open parentheses a semicolon straight a over 2 semicolon straight a close parentheses comma AB with minus on top equals left parenthesis straight a semicolon 0 semicolon 0 right parenthesis comma stack AC to the power of † with minus on top equals left parenthesis a semicolon a semicolon a right parenthesis

open rightwards double arrow left square bracket AP with rightwards arrow on top comma AB with rightwards arrow on top right square bracket equals open vertical bar table attributes columnalign left end attributes row cell straight a over 2 end cell straight a row 0 0 end table close vertical bar semicolon open vertical bar table attributes columnalign left end attributes row straight a straight a row 0 straight a end table close vertical bar semicolon open vertical bar table row straight a cell straight a over 2 end cell row straight a 0 end table close vertical bar close parentheses equals open parentheses 0 semicolon straight a squared semicolon minus straight a squared over 2 close parentheses rightwards double arrow left square bracket AP with minus on top comma AB with minus on top right square bracket AC with minus on top equals 0 plus straight a cubed minus straight a cubed over 2 equals straight a cubed over 2.

Vậy straight V subscript APB equals 1 over 6 vertical line left square bracket AP with minus on top comma AB with rightwards arrow on top right square bracket times AC with rightwards arrow on top vertical line equals 1 over 6 comma straight a cubed over 2 equals straight a cubed over 12.

c. Mt phng (A'D'CB) song song vi trc Oy nên có phương trình: px plus qz plus straight n equals 0 open parentheses straight n not equal to 0 comma straight p squared plus straight q squared greater than 0 close parentheses. Vì mt phng này di qua A',B,C nn ta xác định được p=q và n=-pa,
Cho p=1 ta được phương trình mt phng A'D 'CB là x+z-a=0
 vecto pháp tuyn ca mạ̃t phng này là: n=(1;0;1)

begin mathsize 11px style table attributes columnalign right end attributes row blank cell MN equals open parentheses fraction numerator straight k over denominator square root of 2 end fraction semicolon fraction numerator straight a square root of 2 minus 2 straight k over denominator square root of 2 end fraction semicolon minus fraction numerator straight k over denominator square root of 2 end fraction close parentheses end cell row blank cell blank rightwards double arrow MN with minus on top times straight n with rightwards arrow on top equals 1 times fraction numerator straight k over denominator square root of 2 end fraction plus 0 open parentheses fraction numerator straight a square root of 2 minus 2 straight k over denominator square root of 2 end fraction close parentheses plus 1 times open parentheses negative fraction numerator straight k over denominator square root of 2 end fraction close parentheses equals 0 rightwards double arrow MN with minus on top perpendicular straight n with rightwards arrow on top. end cell end table end style

Rõ ràng N∉mpA'D'CB.Suy ra MN song song vi mpA'D'CB.
d. Theo gi thiêt M∈AD';N∈DB;AM=DN=k

begin mathsize 11px style table attributes columnalign right end attributes row blank cell blank rightwards double arrow straight M open parentheses 0 semicolon fraction numerator straight k over denominator square root of 2 end fraction semicolon fraction numerator straight k over denominator square root of 2 end fraction close parentheses comma straight N open parentheses fraction numerator straight k over denominator square root of 2 end fraction semicolon fraction numerator straight a square root of 2 minus straight k over denominator square root of 2 end fraction semicolon 0 close parentheses. end cell row blank cell table attributes columnalign right end attributes row cell text  Vạy  end text MN squared end cell cell blank equals open parentheses fraction numerator straight k over denominator square root of 2 end fraction minus 0 close parentheses squared plus open parentheses fraction numerator straight a square root of 2 minus straight k over denominator square root of 2 end fraction minus fraction numerator straight k over denominator square root of 2 end fraction close parentheses squared plus open parentheses 0 minus fraction numerator straight k over denominator square root of 2 end fraction close parentheses squared end cell row blank cell blank equals 3 straight k squared minus 2 straight a square root of 2 straight k plus straight a squared text  vó́  end text 0 less than straight k less than straight a square root of 2. end cell end table end cell end table end style

rightwards double arrow MN squared equals 3 open square brackets open parentheses straight k minus fraction numerator straight a square root of 2 over denominator 3 end fraction close parentheses squared plus straight a squared over 9 close square brackets greater or equal than straight a squared over 3

MN2 nh nhâtt bng  khi
Vy MN nh nhât băngkhi
e. Khi MN ngăn nhât thi straight k equals fraction numerator straight a square root of 2 over denominator 3 end fraction rightwards double arrow MN with rightwards arrow on top equals open parentheses straight a over 3 semicolon straight a over 3 semicolon fraction numerator negative straight a over denominator 3 end fraction close parentheses.
Ta li có stack AD to the power of straight apostrophe with rightwards arrow on top equals left parenthesis 0 semicolon a semicolon a right parenthesis comma DB with rightwards arrow on top equals left parenthesis a semicolon minus a semicolon 0 right parenthesis rightwards double arrow open curly brackets table attributes columnalign left end attributes row cell MN with rightwards arrow on top times AD with rightwards arrow on top equals 0 end cell row cell MN with rightwards arrow on top times DB with rightwards arrow on top equals 0 end cell end table close
⇒MN là đường vuông góc chung ca AD ' và DB.
Mt khác stack straight A to the power of straight apostrophe straight C with minus on top equals left parenthesis straight a semicolon straight a semicolon minus straight a right parenthesis equals 3 MN with rightwards arrow on top, chng t MN with rightwards arrow on top comma stack straight A to the power of straight apostrophe straight C with minus on top cùng phưong.

 

 

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. Cho h ọ d ườ ng th ẳ ng d m c ó ph ươ ng tr ì nh Ch ừ ng minh r ằ ng m ọ i đưở ng th ẳ ng c ủ a h ọ lu ô n thu ộ c m ộ t m ặ t ph ẳ ng c ố đị nh.

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